Obstetrics And Gynecology (Anatomy Of The Female Genitalia)
The female external genitalia is made up of different components collectively known as the VULVA. The vulva is made up of the following :
- Mons Pubis
- Labia majora
- Labia minora
- Vestibule
- Vagina
Mons pubis : The area above the public symphysis, and consists of pad of covered with hair.
Labia majora : these are 2 longitudinal skin folds on either sides of the vaginal opening. It is also covered with hair.
Labia minora : they are 2 longitudinal skin folds which is located on the inner part of the labia majory. They play a role in sexual response. They are not covered with hair.
Clitoris : this is a small finger like structure containing erectile tissues, blood vessels and nerves. It is the homologue of the penis on male. It is the major organs that mediates female sexual response and pleasure. It is usually the structure which is cut off during female circumcision together with the labia minora.
Vestibule : this is the space between the two labia minora. It contains the openings of the urethra and vagina as well as the hymen which is a thin membrane partially covering it in virgins.
Vagina : this is a tubular, muscular canal which opens into the vestibule. It is about 7.5 to 10 CM in length. It is acidic due to the activities of the bacteria species (mostly the lactobacilli). It also contains numerous bacteria species which are called normal flora.
These normal flora includes the following :
- Lactobacillus
- Peptostreptococcus
- Atobium vaginae
- Streptococcus species
- Staphylococcus species
- Fusibacterium
- Bacteriodes
- Gardnerella vaginalijs
- Mobiluncus species
- Prevotella species
Internal Genitalia
These are internal organs that make up the genital tract which are not visible on the outside. These include uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Uterus : this is a pear shaped muscular organ which bears the developing fetus/embryo. It is divided into the body and cervix. It measures about 7.5 to 10 CM.
Fallopian tubes : there are 2 left and right uterine tubes which extend from the fundus of the uterus. Fertilization takes place in the Fallopian tube.
Ovary : there are 2 left and right ovaries located on either sides of the pelvic cavity. The ovaries have 2 major functions ; maturation and release of ova (egg) and production of steroid hormones such as estrogen, progesterone etc.
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